Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research, Secondary Education Institute

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2015 Vol 18 No.2

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Understanding of human based on Ki-hak of Choe Han-ki
최한기의 기학과 인간 이해

이영찬 Lee Young-chan

Conceptual Shift of ‘Human’ as Agent: from Weber’s anthropocentric Kulturmensch to ‘non-human’ in Latour’s Posthumanism
행위자로서 ‘인간’의 개념 전이: 베버의 인간중심적 문화인간과 라투르의 포스트휴먼적 비인간을 중심으로

이수안 Lee Su-an

“Re-entry” of Spencer-Brown and its scientific theoretical meanings: Time and imaginary world hidden in x2+1=0
스펜서브라운의 “재진입”과 그 과학철학적 의의: x2+1=0에 숨겨진 시간과 상상의 세계

이철 Lee Chul

The Vision of Post-modern Society through Lao-tzu
노자와 탈현대사회의 비전

홍승표 Hong Seung-pyo

Differences between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought
노자사상과 왕필사상의 차이점

김영주 Kim Young-joo

Korean Journalism in Crisis and Reflection on the Meaning of ‘Freedom’: Review of Ham Sokhon's Ssial-Philosophy
한국 언론자유의 위기와 ‘자유’의 의미에 대한 성찰: 함석헌의 씨□사상 조명

남궁협 Namgung Hyuph

Seeking a Solidarity Subject in the Contemporary Society
현대 사회에서 연대적 주체의 모색

이승훈 Lee Seung-hun

Faust Complex: Korean Capitalistic Heart interpreted through Asan Jung Joo Young
파우스트 콤플렉스: 아산 정주영을 통해 본 한국 자본주의의 마음

김홍중 Kim Hong-jung

Higher Education and the Type of Talented People in the Future: A Discourse on the Shift Towards the Education-for-All-the-Talented Regime
미래의 대학교육과 인재상: 인재교육 레짐을 위한 담론

김규원 Kim Gyu-won

The Development of Death Education Model for Korean Youth: Centered on the Comparison with Death Education Model for Japanese Youth
한국 청소년 죽음교육 모형 개발: 일본 청소년 죽음교육 모형과의 비교를 중심으로

정재걸 Jung Jae-geol , 이승연 Lee Sung-yean , 이현지 Lee Hyun-ji , 백진호 Baek Jin-ho

Integration of Medical Insurance and the Comparative Study of Degree of Satisfaction about Medical Insurance between South Korea and Taiwan
한국과 대만의 의료보험 통합과 의료보험 만족도 비교연구

국민호 Kuk Min-Ho

Nostalgia for Food: The Social Dynamics and Emotional Dynamics of ‘Mother’s Homemade Taste’
음식향수: ‘어머니 손맛’의 사회동학과 감정동학

박형신 Park Hyong-shin

Political Participation and Political View of Lee Seunghyu (1224-1300)
이승휴(1224~1300)의 정치참여와 정치관

김형수 Kim Hyeong-su

From the Enlightenment of the Great Void to the Sea of the Hwaom Idealism
태공太空의 깨달음에서 화엄華嚴의 바다로

정학섭 Chung Hark-serp

The ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ Movement and Paradigm Shift of Buddhist Social Movements
‘깨달음의 사회화 운동’과 한국 불교사회운동의 패러다임 전환

박수호 Park Su-ho

월주 큰스님 대담: ‘불교와 시민사회’와의 만남에 대해

정학섭 , 유승무 , 박수호 , 정승안 , 이민정

[10540] 경기도 고양시 덕양구 항공대학로 76, 항공대학교 본관 514호 우 실 하 교수연구실

Copyright The Association Of East Asian Social Thoughts

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Understanding of human based on Ki-hak of Choe Han-ki
최한기의 기학과 인간 이해

이영찬 Lee Young-chan

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 1-39, 2015

Exploring the social problems of modern society, we can find that many of them come from the opposite perspective between body and mind, and between human nature and social norms. While the separation of body and mind generated the conflict of reason and desire, the mismatch of human nature and social norms resulted in the disharmony of individual and society. Choe Han-ki’s view of human based on the monism of Ki suggests many implications for overcome this split human image of modern society. This paper aimed to examine Choe Han-ki’s monistic view of human of Ki-hak system. For this, we examined the philosophic bases for Ki-hak’s view of human by understanding the natures of Ki, which are ‘vital(活)’, ‘active(動)’, ‘moving(運)’, and ‘changing(化)’, and the three dimensions of Unhwa (movement and change of Ki)(三等運化), composed of ‘body(一身)’, ‘people(統民)’, and ‘atmosphere(大氣)’, and the three dimensions of education(三層敎) for ‘person(人事)’, ‘society(人道)’ and ‘nature(人天).’ After that, we inquired the position and relation of body and mind, and nature and norms, and how they are integrated each other in Ki-hak system. Lastly, we looked into the influence of the Ki-hak's view of human for the formation of person evaluation categories. In conclusion, we could summarize the implications of the view of human of Ki-hak as follows: First, it is significant in that Choe Han-ki emphasized naturalistic approach for human more concerning with physical law than moral norms. Second, Choe Han-ki could overcome opposite dualism both between body and mind and between human nature and social norm by virtue of the monistic philosophy of Ki-hak. Third, it is meaningful in that Choe Han-ki's view of human brought about the enhancement of sense of existence of body. Lastly, Choe Han-ki's view of human has a great significance for providing new perspectives for person evaluation.

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Conceptual Shift of ‘Human’ as Agent: from Weber’s anthropocentric Kulturmensch to ‘non-human’ in Latour’s Posthumanism
행위자로서 ‘인간’의 개념 전이: 베버의 인간중심적 문화인간과 라투르의 포스트휴먼적 비인간을 중심으로

이수안 Lee Su-an

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 41-74, 2015

This paper aims to explore how the concept ‘human’ as actor accords and collides between Weber’s anthropocentrical Kulturmensch in Verstehende Soziologie and Latour’s actor-network theory in posthumanism. Weber’s Verstehende Soziologie has its theoretical base upon the fact that the meaning of human act is understood through human ration, sympathy and empathy. According to this aspect, to study on ‘the social(das Soziale)’ means to interpret the social result of human act. The essential concepts of Verstehende Soziologie like as ‘Verstehen’, ‘Soziales Handeln’, and ‘Sinn’ represent Weber’s anthropocentrism which figures out cultural human (Kulturmensch) as the actor with modern subjectivity and solid will, and this figure of human has been maintained from modern time to post-modern society. On the contrary, the new theoretical discussions which define the relation of present human and future human, and even non-human corresponding with the information technology and digital media as subversive attempts, posthumanist discourse and actor-network theory. As a result, the necessity to establish a new methodology of Kulturwissenschaft is brought up for searching the possibility to reinterpret the representation of human and society which are key-words in Weber’s Verstehende Soziologie.

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“Re-entry” of Spencer-Brown and its scientific theoretical meanings: Time and imaginary world hidden in x2+1=0
스펜서브라운의 “재진입”과 그 과학철학적 의의: x2+1=0에 숨겨진 시간과 상상의 세계

이철 Lee Chul

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 75-96, 2015

Spencer-Brown calculated the principle of something existing on terms of distinction, indication and time units. Distinction is an alternative concept of existence, indication one of cognition, and for time units signs like progress(⇀), regression(↽), or progress and regression(⇌) are used. Distinction takes the form of ‘this side/boundary/the other side’, and for the form to be determined, this side has to be indicated, being distinguished from the other side. This requires three stages. Firts of all, distinction has to be presupposed as form. Secondly, by means of the numerous repeating crossing indication and calling indications, it comes to the state of oscillation between indication side and distinction side. Thirdly, re-entry, as the third side, is accomplished in the time dimension of the same space. At the moment of re-entry, distinction/indication/re-entry is actualized as existence/cognition/time, and an according form is accomplished. Re-entry is an modern alternative of subject. Subject, as a theory figure of substance theory, can observe only the objective difference of the subject, thereby not being itself unchanged. On the other hand, re-entry, changing itself as the result of its observation, produces the social difference between it and its observation subject, the time difference between before and after, and the objective difference in terms of something being selected. And re-entry does not influence to the reality of observation. Re-entry is calculated as 0. It is a neutral instrument of observation which modernly alters the subject always occupying 1.

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The Vision of Post-modern Society through Lao-tzu
노자와 탈현대사회의 비전

홍승표 Hong Seung-pyo

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 97-115, 2015

In this paper, we want to explore the vision of the post-modern society. The focuses are three. The first is the society of fools. The second is the society of modest persons. The third is the society of peace. In terms of modern view, post-modern society is the society which is composed of fools. Post-modern man doesn't care the unhappiness of ego. The reason is that the unhappiness of ego is nothing to post-modern man. Post-modern society is the society which is composed of modest persons. Post-modern man can not be arrogant or servile because he has respect to everything in the universe including himself. Post-modern man has the power to locate himself lower than the one who is weaker than him. Therefore, ethical social order is built in post-modern society. Post-modern society is a peaceful society. My and your benefit is in harmony. Therefore, there is no conflict. Post-modern man does not have the artificial desire. Therefore, post-modern society is peaceful consistently.

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Differences between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought
노자사상과 왕필사상의 차이점

김영주 Kim Young-joo

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 117-157, 2015

In existed studies about Laoz's thought, scholars don't have distinguished between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought, and they have studied Laoz's thought depending on Wang Bi's annotation of Laoz. But if we will take one more step forward Laoz's original thought, must distinguish concretely between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought first of all, and must work hard to wipe away Wang Bi's thought. However, although it grew abundantly that Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought are different, I didn't meet a study to show concretely differences between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought. I will show concretely differences between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought. In differences between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought, key words are Laoz's the Salvation inacted and the Salvation uninacted(無爲而無不爲) and Wang Bi's the Branch refreshed from the Root(崇本以息末) And the issue points are differences between Nothing(無) and Something(有) in Laoz's the Salvation inacted and the Salvation uninacted(無爲而無不爲) and Wang Bi's the Branch refreshed from the Root(崇本以息末) They are three relations; the Beginning and the End·Publicity and Privatisity·Order and Equality. According to this issue points, differences between Laoz's thought and Wang Bi's thought are two aspect.; ① Laoz shows all three relations; the Beginning and the End·Publicity and Privatisity·Order and Equality, but Wang Bi highlights only one relation of the Beginning and the End to apply for the Branch refreshed from the Root(崇本以息末) So Laoz's thought of social reform was gone with the wind. ② In Wang Bi's the Branch refreshed from the Root(崇本以息末), he highlighted too much Nothing(無) as object of the Root(崇本) and was very careless about Something(有) as object of the Branch(息末) in order to rebuilding the new Branch(擧末)

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Korean Journalism in Crisis and Reflection on the Meaning of ‘Freedom’: Review of Ham Sokhon's Ssial-Philosophy
한국 언론자유의 위기와 ‘자유’의 의미에 대한 성찰: 함석헌의 씨□사상 조명

남궁협 Namgung Hyuph

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 159-198, 2015

This paper is to investigate the cause of Korean journalism's death, which resides in the fact that journalists of Korea themselves give up their right of free expression. Freedom is not completed by the law and institution but implemented by people's struggle. Similarly, freedom of the media is won by strengthening the freedom for journalists themselves. The nature of freedom consists in personality that forms the newness through resistance movement. Journalists must breast themselves to hardships to risk their personalities and then the freedom of the media will be gained. In this paper Ham Sokhon's Ssial-philosophy is reviewed as jurisdiction to support the above problematic. Ham Sokhon not only preached his own philosophy of ‘freedom is resistance’ as a philosopher but also put his theory into practice as a journalist. Ssial's Voice(Voice of the People), which was founded in 1970 by Ham Sokhon, showed what journalists should do to defend the freedom of media. Ham Sokhon's philosophy of journalism will demonstrate with the concept of ‘the freedom of media’ on the shaky ground that today the authority of journalism in Korea has been being collapsed.

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Seeking a Solidarity Subject in the Contemporary Society
현대 사회에서 연대적 주체의 모색

이승훈 Lee Seung-hun

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 199-235, 2015

Many people worry that our society is losing its solidarity. Individuals who are becoming more fragmentized and atomized are forced out in fiercer competition, and the society is just becoming a place where the law of the jungle prevails. But, surprisingly, we also can witness an over-solidarity phenomenon at the same time. There are still many active pseudo-familial groups, and also lots of strong solidarity groups united by a common identity and interests. Futhermore, new forms of solidarity groups such as social clubs or cyber communities appears continuously. So we sometimes raise a question whether it is necessary to consider about loss or crisis of solidarity. However, actually, both the loss of solidarity and over-solidarity phenomenon has same impact on our society consequently. Both of them cause individuals’ anxiety and repression, mistrust and exclusion of strangers, and extreme confrontation and conflict in the social dimension. Therefore, it seems that the most urgent issue we are facing with is the individuals’ autonomy and the solidarity among them. In this context, this article is for clarifying what the content of the desired solidarity is, and exploring the possibilities of forming a solidarity subject. To do this, first the concept was classified as the type of solidarity. Then, the reason of the solidarity was analyzed with the separation of rational base and emotional base, in order to present preferable conditions of the solidarity in modern society. Under the premise of sympathy and communication, it is the solidarity where self and the other are connected to a universal public interest. Also, it is the solidarity constantly going to include the new strangers and aiming for the construction of “open we”. Finally, it tries to find a possibility of forming a solidarity subject through theoretical discussion of Mead and Dewey.

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Faust Complex: Korean Capitalistic Heart interpreted through Asan Jung Joo Young
파우스트 콤플렉스: 아산 정주영을 통해 본 한국 자본주의의 마음

김홍중 Kim Hong-jung

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 237-285, 2015

This article attempts at exploring sociologically the Korean capitalistic heart represented by Jung Joo Young, by analyzing his biolographical and other discourses. Based theoretically on the weberian sociology of the culture, this research will make use of a modified model of approach. We call the Korean capitalistic heart represented and symbolized by Jung Joo Young, the Faust complex whose most important tenet lies in the strong aspiration for the development, the optimism, and the survivalism. These features are also the psychic factors underlying the development of 20st century Korean capitalism. So that the developmentalist state, enterprise, and self cooperated for the achievement of Korean modernity. However, with the advent of civilizational turn we should think of the alternative of this survivalist developmentalism.

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Higher Education and the Type of Talented People in the Future: A Discourse on the Shift Towards the Education-for-All-the-Talented Regime
미래의 대학교육과 인재상: 인재교육 레짐을 위한 담론

김규원 Kim Gyu-won

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 287-323, 2015

This study attempts at conceptualizing the idealistic types of talented people so as to facilitate a discourse on the regime shift towards all-the-talented youth, for establishing a new type of talented people seems to be regarded as the key to determine the future of higher education. As times pass on, the desirable type of talented people has been changing. It is expected that the type of the talented youth would be turned out as a real, depending upon the will and the efforts of the constituents of the university because the regime of higher education is also closely connected with th type of the talented educated by the university in concern. Today the dominant paradigm for higher education is influenced by the neoclassical economic view of human being, which is based on a biased and narrow one originated from the philosophy of utilitarianism. As a matter of fact, we need to compromise the conflicts between the rational pursuit of private interests and the social well-being of public goods. While focusing on the possibility of the fulfillment of social functions rather than on the individual characteristics or capabilities, this paper tries to find out four different types of talented people, combining two factors of social functions and educational goals. It is the happiness/flourishing, be it out-of-dated but still new criteria, that defines about which type of talented people is desirable. Accordingly, the emphasis of normative public benefits accomplished by trustful relationships would be much more effective in nurturing talented people than the one of functional efficiency based on competition, with focusing on the processes of pedagogy more than on its outcomes. It is hopeful that in a near future this emphasis will lead us to the education-for-all-the-talented regime.

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The Development of Death Education Model for Korean Youth: Centered on the Comparison with Death Education Model for Japanese Youth
한국 청소년 죽음교육 모형 개발: 일본 청소년 죽음교육 모형과의 비교를 중심으로

정재걸 Jung Jae-geol , 이승연 Lee Sung-yean , 이현지 Lee Hyun-ji , 백진호 Baek Jin-ho

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 325-356, 2015

Death Education was started in 1960s in United States as the education to prepare death. Nowadays it has been spreaded to Europe and Asia. The contents of death education are also expanded to life respect education, suicide prevention education, and introspection of life through death. In Korea, death education has received attention since 2000. Recently arguments that death education should be expanded to youth has been raised. But the research of death education for Korean youth is very poor. The purpose of this paper is two. One is to develop death education for Korean youth. Second is to find the way of application of the model to school.

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Integration of Medical Insurance and the Comparative Study of Degree of Satisfaction about Medical Insurance between South Korea and Taiwan
한국과 대만의 의료보험 통합과 의료보험 만족도 비교연구

국민호 Kuk Min-Ho

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 357-402, 2015

This paper explores the difference of the degree of satisfaction about medical insurance between South Korea and Taiwan by analysing the integration process and the characteristics of medical insurances in South Korea and Taiwan. I analyse it focusing on its financial resources, financial expenditure system and the degree of satisfaction, and the efficiency of medical system. This paper insists that the difference of the degree of satisfaction about medical insurance between South Korea and Taiwan mainly depends on the difference of the payment system of financial expenditure. “Payment System for Each Medical Activity” in South Korea caused the increase of over-medication and illegal demand of the medical hospitals. Over-medication caused the big increase of the medical cost by inflating medical payment. The over-medication in South Korea caused the increase of personal payment and became a big financial burden for the patients. High rate of personal payment and ever-increasing medical insurance caused the dissatisfaction of the patients and became social issues in South Korea. Another cause of dissatisfaction in South Korea is the inefficiency of medical system. Patients pay more by visiting the 3rd medical institutions directly rather than going to the 1st medical institutions first. Thus the function of the 1st medical institutions is very weak. Also most Korean hospitals are over-equipped with high-price medical equipment and people have to pay more by using the equipment without covering the medical insurance. All these things make Korean people to be more unsatisfied with the medical insurance system. The “Total Budget System” in Taiwan decreased greatly the medical cost by achieving the rationalization of medical cost and the lord of work. They have to rearrange the use of the amount of medical money within the limit. The price of the use of high-price medical equipment in Taiwan has been covered by the medical insurance system from the beginning of medical insurance system for all the people in 1995. Also the introduction of the “Referral System” to save the medical cost made people to visit the 1st medical system first when they seek. If they go directly to the 1st medical institution, then they have to pay much more. All these things make Taiwanese people more satisfied for their medical insurance system.

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Nostalgia for Food: The Social Dynamics and Emotional Dynamics of ‘Mother’s Homemade Taste’
음식향수: ‘어머니 손맛’의 사회동학과 감정동학

박형신 Park Hyong-shin

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 403-436, 2015

This article attempts at exploring the phenomenon of nostalgia for food prevailing in Korean society today, at the basis of emotional sociology. To put it concretely, this article aims to (re)construct nostalgia for food by identifying the mechanism of making the structure of emotion on food-so-called ‘Mother’s Homemade taste’. For this, firstly, I ideal-typically distinguish home-made dish(jipbab) and diner-made dish(sikdangbap), and then define mother’s homemade cooking as a product of imaginary fusion that is emotionally harmonized some cognitive dissonance between them. Secondly, I suggest that emotion of nostalgia for food is made through ‘embodied’ memory of food and longing for mother, and analysis differences among emotional patterns to express it depending on gender and life-cycle. Thirdly, I explore the social mechanism provoking the yearning for mother’s homemade cooking in terms with modern families as ‘diaspora communities’, menu pluralism, and the ‘worship of naturalness’ in food. Forth, I examine a process of emotion turning mother’s homemade cooking into nostalgia. In its central process, I argue, memories of mother’s food are turned ‘taste’ into ‘affection’ and are expressed as ‘reminiscences’. Finally, I assert that it is necessary to try to recovery the communality of eating beyond worrying about possibilities that nostalgia for mother’s homemade taste itself might become a nostalgia.

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Political Participation and Political View of Lee Seunghyu (1224-1300)
이승휴(1224~1300)의 정치참여와 정치관

김형수 Kim Hyeong-su

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 437-464, 2015

Lee Seunghyu was an historian in the 13th century of the Goryeo Dynasty. His book, 『Jyeowangungi』 had brought him to the attention of many historians. This paper aims to understand Lee Seunghyu in the political contexts rather than a simple historian. Generally, Confucian scholars in the pre-modern period aspired to go into politics in order to achieve reign of peace through aiding Monarch. Lee Seunghyu followed the same way. Lee Seunghyu passed the state examination in the 39th year of King Gojong’s Reign (1252). However, the following year, he had went to Samcheog to visit his mother and stayed there for ten years with the invasion of Yuan Dynasty. After that, Lee Seunghyu stated an official position in Gangwha after ending life in Samcheong by Lee Sim’s suggestion in the 4th of King Wonjong’s Reign(1263). Lee Seunghyu entered politics on the recommendation of Lee Jangyong(李藏用) and Yu Kyung(柳璥). However, He had maintained critical position against political direction of King Wonjong and King Chungyoul. King Wonjong and King Chungyoul intended to foster palace guards and control powerful courtiers. Lee Seunghyu supported Confucian monarch which Kings opposed at that time. Lee was dismissed from political position in the 6th year of King Chungyoul because he had criticized wrong personnel administrations and dominance of King’s closest aids. Finally, Lee Seunghyu returned to Samchuk(三陟). After rerurning to Samchuk, he begain to write 『Jyeowangungi』. He wanted to organize political views and thought of the time through his writing work. The writing was intended primarily for King Chungyoul. For this purpose, Lee used the way of Youngsasi(詠史詩). In particular, Lee Seunghyu gave considerable attention in writing the rise and fall of King’s reign. He described typical characteristics of the rise and fall of King’s reign in the 『Jyeowangungi』. That is, the regime falls if Monarch does not control his courtiers like Emperor Ae(哀帝) and Emperor Fing(平帝) for his weakness. On the contrary, if Monarch ruled arbitrarily for distrust on courtiers, the regime also falls. God does not protect and care the country if Monarch as Mujong of Tang Dynasty accepted false charges against innocent people and lost his good judgement. On the other hands, Monarch should have accepted good remonstrance and have appointed upright scholars like Emperor Taijong of Tang Dynasty. This politics was not realized only by efforts of Monarch. Righteous courtiers and upstanding journalists are essentially required in order to improve Ritual system(禮制) and perform impartial politics. The produce of those courtiers and journalists would be possible by Monarch’s role. If Monarch transfers his authority to countries or Monarch was controled by his courtiers, Monarch would lose his royal authority and duty. Education should be promoted to prevent these situations.

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From the Enlightenment of the Great Void to the Sea of the Hwaom Idealism
태공太空의 깨달음에서 화엄華嚴의 바다로

정학섭 Chung Hark-serp

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 465-504, 2015

Song Woel Ju was born in 1935 and his ordination name was Taegong (太空) or Great Emptiness. His life was centered around the process of reaching the state of Jebeopmua(諸法無我) and Dobeopjayeon(道法自然) in order to regain a healthy mind and to enter total freedom and peace. He emphasizes thrift and saving, and addresses social justice and the stabilization of peaceful relations among nations. He also aims for Daedong Thought(大同思想) or Great Equality (daedong) for reaching a fair society for citizens of the world as the universal value. We can witness his spirit in Deadong Thought through his activities based on great vehicle of Mahayana (大乘) in sanskrit. Consequently, he practices Majeongbangjeong(摩頂放踵) in his daily life on the bodhisattva path. In other words, his life reminds us of the genuine sage of no rank (無位眞人). He maintains that the interests of the state are more important than personal interests through the experience of rapid social change. He emphasizes legalism in the mood of social integration. He involves social relief activities universal charity based on the principle of Sanggubori(上求菩提) and Hawha Jungsaeng(下化衆生). He carried out several public campaigns of solving social problems, such as Work Together Foundation, Good Hands, Citizens’ Coalition for Economic Justice, Korean Sharing Movement, and Building New Korea Civil Movement (새로운 한국을 만들기 위한 국민운동). He is a key figure in reforming the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, being responsible for its differentiation, specialization, and systematization. He, who served as the executive chief of the Jogye Order, played an important role in the modernization and democratization of the Jogye Order by establishing its executive chief oriented management system as well as implementing an autonomous diocese. Considering Anthony Giddens’s arguments that institutional reflexivity is one of the inherent elements of modernity, we can see institutional characteristics of modernity in Buddihsm and modern Buddihism through his religious reform.

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The ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ Movement and Paradigm Shift of Buddhist Social Movements
‘깨달음의 사회화 운동’과 한국 불교사회운동의 패러다임 전환

박수호 Park Su-ho

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 505-547, 2015

This paper attempts a critical reflection on the meaning of ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ movement in history of Buddhist social movements. Buddhist social movement is a collective action of people sympathetic to Buddhism, Buddhist values to realize the value of using a Buddhist way. This means the Buddhist itself. The ideological basis of Buddhist social movement is Buddha's life and the spirit of Mahayana Buddhism. Specific details of the Buddhist social movement will depend on the social reality of a particular time. This paper reviews the history of Buddhist social movement were divided into four era: Innovation Movement of Buddhism era, Purification Movement of Buddhism era, People's Buddhism Movement era, Engaged Buddhism Movement and Fortune- making Buddhism Movement era. As a result, since 1990s, it was confirmed that has changed the goal, methodology, activities area, the ideological basis of the Buddhist social movement. Instruments of this change is a ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ movement, published in 1995. This movement play a leading role in solving various social problems, restore the original religious function, strengthen the internal competence to achieve a reform of Buddhism and sought to obtain the power of the Buddhism development. The ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ movement is a holistic concept of Buddhist social movement that encompasses a variety of activities, and a new paradigm of Buddhist social movements to re-define the Buddhist social movements. The ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ movement as a new paradigm presents a Buddhist perspective look at the subject of social movements, and has provided a way that is consistent with the Buddhist practice and perform with the new methodology of Buddhist social movements. In addition, it presents a new vision to achieve a qualitative leap in the Buddhism and society through ‘Social Expansion of the Enlightenment’ movement.

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월주 큰스님 대담: ‘불교와 시민사회’와의 만남에 대해

정학섭 , 유승무 , 박수호 , 정승안 , 이민정

DOI: JANTVol.18(No.2) 549-575, 2015